吊车安全技巧用于风电场建设和维护

An overturned crane at a wind farm site can lead to project delays and unanticipated costs. In addition to crane damage, there could be damage to wind turbine components, potentially disrupting operations. There’s also the risk of serious injuries or even fatalities.

地面条件，大风和其他因素可能使风电场对起重机特别有风险。除了开发一个提升计划并专注于safe crane operations，风电场开发商和承包商应考虑其现场运输中起重机的独特风险。

“从陡峭的山顶网站在东北soft ground conditions at farmland sites, crane operators face significant risks when walking cranes from pad to pad,” said Hank Dutton, a Travelers Risk Control Senior Regional Construction specialist. Here are some tips for safely moving and operating cranes associated with wind farm sites.

1. Make sure lift plans reflect wind farm risks.

风场的举升计划涉及起重机操作员的独特危害，包括存在自然风的条件。风条件可能会迅速改变，造成危险的情况。制定升力计划很重要，以反映现场预期的条件并解决起重机制造商的局限性和规格。

达顿解释说：“风电场的起重机更大，较长的起重机繁荣通常在空中300英尺或更多。”地面条件确实至关重要。地面需要在起重机制造商的规格中保持水平，并且足够强大，可以抵抗起重机施加的力，这些力量可能大于起重机的重量，再加上抬起的力量。”

Every lift should be considered a new lift, and operators and crews need to resist complacency. “Each site pad has a different set of conditions that needs to be evaluated carefully,” Dutton said. “Review every lift plan with crew members involved, including the crane calculations, ground condition requirements and the associated rigging drawing.”

2.确保索具接受专门操作的培训。

风电场的与索具相关的事故有可能造成重大破坏并造成致命伤害。“这些是高风险的运营，”旅行者风险控制建筑专家杰伊·赫林（Jay Hurin）说。专门的索具旨在举起长长的重型涡轮刀片可能需要额外的训练。因此，重要的是要确保索具的工作人员审查了索具制造商的说明以及应成为升降机计划一部分的索具图纸。如果索具在塔附近失败，则可能会伤害塔上的工人，以及操作员和地面支援人员。风险包括掉落的物体和被重型设备压碎。还可能损坏起重机和涡轮机。赫林说：“如果出现问题，这些往往是严重的事故。”

3.创建一个计划，以解决起重机时解决危害的计划。

The crew involved in relocating a crane between wind turbine pads should follow the site plans which have generally been developed by engineers. These plans should consider the crane manufacturer’s specifications for level, wind as well as address the ground conditions needed to support the crane for the entire travel route. “Not only can injuries and damages be severe, but so too can delays in the project as turbine blades usually have long manufacturing lead-times,” Dutton said. “When deviations from plans and best practices occur, potential problems can develop.”

例如，现场工作人员决定在田野上进行捷径，而不是呆在准备好的道路上。或操作员试图向上或向下行驶起重机，该斜率大于起重机制造商允许的最大坡度。起重机可能会倾覆，导致起重机和风力涡轮机组件受损，清除昂贵的碎屑和生产力延迟，同时等待更换起重机和其他组件。

4. Monitor weather conditions.

在风电场装置中，极端天气尤其危险，在此装置中，大风事件和雷暴会损坏设备并为员工带来致命的条件。建议在现场进行天气监控设备以及建立的程序，以便员工知道何时保护起重机和设备。在危险天气条件下，培训员工根据安全协议进行培训。学习更多关于为恶劣天气准备建筑工地。

5. Re-evaluate site conditions after severe weather events and other site changes.

除了在项目开始时进行压实测试外，重要的是在恶劣的天气事件或其他现场条件变化后重新评估地面条件。例如，当存在粘土土壤时，在暴雨期间和之后，道路可能会变得湿滑，并在行走起重机时面临挑战。

达顿说：“分析您试图漫步起重机的情况。”另一个问题是当将粗骨料用于车道时，起重机的牵引力。起重机的轨道可以在转弯时开始挖掘地面盖，条件可能会变得危险地不平整。达顿说：“操作员需要在行走起重机（包括前对又一侧的起重机）时了解起重机制造商的水平要求。”

6.拆卸起重机时谨慎行事。

The large-scale dimensions of wind farms can make distances between pads too great to travel fully erected cranes. “There is an inherent risk in assembly and disassembly that people need to be aware of,” Dutton said. Employees can be injured or worse, if pins are removed in the wrong order or counterweight is removed too soon.

Transporting a disassembled crane on a truck also requires performing due diligence, including pulling the appropriate permits, making sure the load is properly secured, and ensuring that drivers are qualified by checking their motor vehicle records and confirming that they are properly licensed.

7.遵循既定地点的道路计划。

After construction of a wind farm is complete, access roads are sometimes closed or removed, such as at active farmlands. When significant maintenance needs to be performed and cranes are brought back on site, it’s important to first establish safe conditions. This can involve replacing access roads and installing crane pads to ensure that soil is stable for transporting and using cranes.

达顿说：“重要的是要有合格的专业评估和设计道路计划，以解决整个路线的坡度，牢固性，压实和水平。”“有时这意味着在大型站点上重建访问点。”

8.在各个层面都承诺安全。

“There really needs to be support from management, including the site superintendent,” said Dutton. “One bad decision or change in conditions can lead to a costly accident.” Creating aculture of safety可以帮助起重机操作员，观察员和其他团队成员更有能力报告潜在的危险现场条件，这些条件可能会延迟当天的活动，但从长远来看避免了潜在的灾难。

旅行者的客户可以访问几门课程，以帮助员工了解起重机和索具，例如专业起重机操作，基本索具，提升计划基础知识以及信号人员和索具的在线培训。学习更多关于roles and responsibilities during crane operationsand other ways Travelers can help you protect your wind farm with可再生能源保险。You can alsofind an agenttoday.