智能城市如何为技术基础设施的风险做准备

市政当局和其他公共实体经常希望采用新兴的“智能”技术来改善生活质量，并改善他们对从当地运输系统到公共安全的一切管理。通常启用物联网（物联网）设备，这些智能系统可以通过强大的软件处理大量捕获的数据来改进决策。

城市还在寻找智能技术，以改善他们对本地基础设施的管理。尽管这可能提供便利和提高的生产率，但城市必须预料并计划新的风险，从潜在的设备故障到网络攻击。以下是越来越多地用于管理基础架构的三个关键领域，以及公共实体在未来计划时考虑的一些潜在风险。

1. Smart Water and Sewer Systems.Smart sensors can help municipalities conserve, manage and maintain their supplies and inform planning for the future. By embedding water sensors inside of reservoirs, dams and pipelines, city officials can more closely chart water supplies to determine when and how much they are storing. They can also monitor how much water is being delivered to homes and businesses, with embedded sensors detecting pipeline leaks, blockages and pinpointing where water is being lost.
2. 明智的电力和电网。Smart grid technology can help to monitor power lines and distribution to better manage electricity delivery. Power line sensors can notify utilities of outages in real time. Sensor-based systems can also help individuals manage their own power consumption.
3. Smart Public Buildings.Connected sensors, big data management and advanced analytics can keep smart buildings operating efficiently. In addition to conserving energy through efficient operations, the technology can also regulate temperatures, control humidity, maintain systems and enhance security by restricting admission to private areas.

智能技术带有风险，例如故障设备或对关键基础设施的恶意网络攻击。意识到风险并采取行动最小化它们可以帮助城市利用技术的承诺，同时为潜在的问题做好准备。

要考虑的三个智能基础设施风险类别：

1. 网络风险。由于投入使用更多的智能传感器，因此希望窃取敏感数据或中断公共实体操作的黑客和在线罪犯的表面积不断增加。病毒式攻击，无效的IT安全政策或安全软件故障可能会为违规行为创造一个空缺，包括财务和政治结果在内的影响可能是灾难性的。公共实体应通过采用有效的IT安全措施来保护其连接的设备，网络系统和电子网关，并最终保护其存储的数据和智能操作。
2. 财产和附带损害。If smart sensors should fail or if machine-to-machine communication operates incorrectly at the wrong time, it could lead to damaged municipal and/or private property. If a public entity’s smart technology causes property damage due to a defect or failure to function as intended, the public entity may be required to compensate victims for those damages and/or defend itself in litigation.
3. Bodily Injury.Defective sensors resulting in a malfunction could lead to injuries to municipal employees or the public. When planning and implementing smart technology, anticipate ways that things could go wrong to help protect a public entity’s employees, citizens and visitors.

采取措施最大程度地降低智能城市技术风险的城市风险

智能技术可能会带来许多公共实体以前从未遇到过的风险。我们了解这些风险的越多，我们就越了解市政当局减轻这些风险的重要性。增强网络和信息安全，实践组织和社区准备，并调查与技术相关的保险选择are three areas where municipalities can help address smart tech risks.

1. 网络和信息安全。在an increasingly digital world, a network and information security incident can have far-reaching effects. It’s important to have a complete inventory of the critical assets in your organization so you can develop the appropriate controls to help mitigate losses. Conducting a risk assessment for each system that stores, processes or transmits sensitive information can help identify potential security gaps.培训员工智能IT部门政策和正确审查任何第三方供应商云解决方案还可以帮助防止违规行为，并帮助市政当局在发生事件时更加明智。还有许多其他问题需要考虑，包括维护，监视和合同语言的含义。
2. 组织和社区准备。如果发生紧急情况，市政当局需要一项计划进行操作连续性，包括如何确保救援团队拥有他们需要回应的资源和工具。在全市中断或大规模网络攻击的情况下，低技术应急计划和备用电源系统可能是无价的。请记住，尽管智能技术可以基于算法做出决策，但对于在没有智能技术的情况下，培训员工应如何行动以及如何在系统或智能技术故障发生时如何实施工作能力也至关重要。
3. 智能基础设施的保险范围。随着这项智能技术的发展，如果系统无法按预期运行，则很难预测城市可能会发现自己的所有责任。信息安全保险为关键网络风险提供了覆盖范围。财产，汽车责任和自动物理损失保险可以帮助防止暴露于财产和附带损失。一般责任保险可以帮助防止暴露于身体伤害。公共实体应调查其保险选择，并与an agent or broker。

Smart tech brings both opportunity and risks to cities and other public entities. Taking steps to manage these risks, fromconducting risk assessments建立低技术应急计划，可以帮助减轻曝光率。